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2012: Weed Management and Crop Injury when Intercropping Melons and Cotton

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Peter Eure, Stanley Culpepper, Brian Tankersley, and Rand Merchant
University of Georgia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. 2012: Weed Management and Crop Injury when Intercropping Melons and Cotton
  2. Introduction
  3. Cantaloupe and Cotton Intercropped
  4. Objectives
  5. Hypothesis
  6. Materials and Methods
  7. Materials and Methods
  8. Intercropping systems were managed for melon production until harvest
  9. Material and Methods
  10. Material and Methods
  11. Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping
  12. Irrigation
  13. Palmer amaranth control prior to cantaloupe harvest
  14. Average of 57 Palmer amaranth in NTC vs Treated
  15. Cantaloupe Yield
  16. Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest
  17. Lint Cotton Yield
  18. Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture
  19. Watermelon-cotton intercropping
  20. Palmer amaranth control prior to watermelon harvest
  21. Average of 160 Palmer amaranth in NTC vs Treated
  22. Terbacil Injury
  23. Watermelon Yield
  24. Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest
  25. Lint Cotton Yield
  26. Watermelon-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture
  27. Conclusions
  28. Future Research
  29. Questions or Comments?
  30. Background on spring melon production



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. 2012: Weed Management and Crop Injury when Intercropping Melons and Cotton Peter Eure*, Stanley Culpepper, Brian Tankersley, and Rand Merchant The University of Georgia Tifton, Ga
  2. Introduction Cantaloupe or watermelon intercropped with cotton Increase resource efficiency Improve grower profit Stability in production
  3. Cantaloupe and Cotton Intercropped (Tift County, GA)
  4. Objectives Identify herbicide systems to manage troublesome weeds in melon-cotton intercropping production Determine the profitability of melon-cotton intercropping versus a monoculture of melon or cotton
  5. Hypothesis Herbicide options exist to adequately control weeds in melon-cotton intercropping systems Crop value per acre will be greater when melon and cotton are intercropped versus a monoculture of melon or cotton
  6. Materials and Methods Two separate field studies conducted at Ty Ty, Georgia on a Tifton loamy sand during 2011 Cantaloupe Watermelon Each study consisted of: Two planting dates of melon-cotton intercrops, three herbicide systems and a non-treated control Melon and cotton alone were planted for each planting date to serve as comparisons
  7. Materials and Methods Melons were transplanted into a 0.8 mil plastic mulch having an 18” wide bed top Cotton plantings for each planting date were made when the initial melon vine reached the mulch edge PHY 499 WRF was planted on 36 inch row spacing, using a 2-row planter centered over the plastic mulch
  8. Intercropping systems were managed for melon production until harvest Cotton
  9. Material and Methods Data recorded throughout the season: Visual estimates of Palmer amaranth control Melon and cotton injury Melon vine length Cotton height Melon and cotton yield Melon harvested by hand Cotton harvested using a spindle picker designed for small plot research
  10. Material and Methods Total crop value per acre of intercropping systems and monoculture systems were calculated Total crop value/A=value of total products generated-cost to produce crop Data subjected to ANOVA and means separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD (p=0.05) when appropriate
  11. Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping “Athena” cantaloupe transplanted: Transplant date 1: April 5, 2011 Transplant date 2: April 20, 2011 Herbicide treatments in intercropping systems: Ethalfluralin (0.75 lbs ai/A) preplant Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen (0.25 lb ai/A) preplant Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant fb Halosulfuron (0.032 lb ai/A) + NIS (0.25% v/v) 10 days after transplant Non-treated control Herbicide treatments in monoculture systems: Melon: Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant Cotton: Sequential applications of Glufosinate + S-metolachlor or Glyphosate + Acetochlor when sensitive weeds were less than three inches tall
  13. Palmer amaranth control prior to cantaloupe harvest LSD(P=0.05)=2
  14. *Average of 57 Palmer amaranth in NTC **Picture taken 8 weeks after transplant Non-treated control Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen fb Halosulfuron
  15. Cantaloupe Yield *Data pooled over planting and harvest dates LSD(P=0.05)=558
  16. Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest LSD(P=0.05)=5 *Data pooled over planting dates
  17. Lint Cotton Yield LSD(P=0.05)=119
  18. Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture *Data pooled over planting dates **Calculated using $530 and $2,450 as the cost to produce and harvest cotton and cantaloupe, respectively. Cotton value set at $0.92/lb. and cantaloupe value set at $1.00/fruit.
  19. “Melody” (seedless) watermelon transplanted: For pollination, “Sangria” transplanted every fourth plant Transplant date 1: March 23, 2011 Transplant date 2: April 7, 2011 Herbicide treatments in intercropping systems Ethalfluralin (0.75 lbs ai/A) preplant Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen (0.25 lb ai/A) preplant Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen + Terbacil (0.2 lb ai/A) preplant Non-treated control Herbicide treatments in monoculture systems: Melon: Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant Cotton: Sequential applications of Glufosinate + S-metolachlor or Glyphosate + Acetochlor when sensitive weeds were less than three inches tall Watermelon-cotton intercropping
  20. Palmer amaranth control prior to watermelon harvest
  21. Non-treated control Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen *Average of 160 Palmer amaranth in NTC **Picture taken 8 weeks after transplant
  22. Terbacil Injury
  23. Watermelon Yield LSD(P=0.05)= 6696 *Data pooled over planting and harvest dates
  24. Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest *Data pooled over planting dates LSD(P=0.05)= 7
  25. Lint Cotton Yield LSD(P=0.05)= 41
  26. Watermelon-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture *Data pooled over planting dates **Calculated using $530 and $2900 as the cost to produce and harvest cotton and watermelon, respectively. Cotton value set at $0.92/lb. and watermelon value set at $0.15/lb.
  27. Conclusions Melon-cotton intercropping improved total crop value per acre as compared to a monoculture of melons or cotton Herbicide options exist for adequate control of troublesome weeds in melon-cotton intercropping systems Fomesafen is not registered for use in watermelon or cantaloupe Halosulfuron and ethalfluralin are not registered for use in cotton
  28. Future Research Registration of fomesafen for use in watermelon and cantaloupe Registration of preplant applications of halosulfuron and ethalfluralin for cotton Complete a comprehensive economic budget comparison of these systems
  29. Questions or Comments?
  30. Background on spring melon production Transplant late March to late April Harvest mid to late June Melons followed by plant grain sorghum Introduction Smith and Smith, 2011